Monday, August 2, 2010

Genetic Engineering

nsulin is required for the maintenance of blood sugar level in diabetic patients. This Insulin can be obtained as

1. Insulin of animal origin from the animals slaughtered in the slaughter house.

2. Insulin produced in or by E. Coli through the genetic engineering technology.

Insulin of animal origin may sometimes produce allergic reactions and thus may prove to be risky for life.

Insulin obtained from the E. Coli is found to be quite safe and hence widely used. The important requirements for obtaining any product through genetic engineering technology are

1. The host cell

2. Vector

3. Desired DNA

4. Specific Enzymes.

The recombinant DNA can be increased by its multiplication in the host cell. Bacteria and yeast are normally used as host cells. Vector is the one which carries DNA from one cell to another. The plasmids of bacteria are used as vectors.

It is now possible to synthesis DNA in the laboratory. DNA can be also obtained from the other cells by isolation and purification techniques. e.g. NIF genes,for nitrogen fixation gene are monoclonal antibiodies, insulin gene etc. The enzymes employed in this technology include the enzyme restriction endonuclease and the enzyme ligase. Enzyme restriction endonuclease cuts the DNA strand at a specific site . Enzyme Ligase joins the two DNA fragments.

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